Factores de Riesgo que inciden en la gravedad de pacientes con Infección respiratoria aguda grave causada por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio en niños menores de 5 años atendidos en el Hospital Roberto Gilbert Elizalde en el período enero 2018 – diciembre 2019.

Abstract

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) affects more than two thirds of infants in the first year of life. There are widely described risk factors that can aggravate the behavior of the disease, their impact is key to establishing treatment and approach protocols in pediatric patients and being classified as high risk. Methods: An observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, analytical study was carried out. All patients with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis and / or pneumonia with RSV microbiological detection by DNA/CRP in nasopharyngeal swab treated at the Roberto Gilbert Elizalde Hospital in the period January 2018 - December 2019 were included. Results: a total of 138 patients with positive RSV and acute respiratory infection were found, 42 patients with risk factors, 30.4% of the total sample. Of these, 28.5% were preterm ≤ 34 weeks of gestation, 21.4% term newborns under 45 days, 11.9% premature under 6 months, 9.5% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 21.4% with bronchopulmonary disease and 61.9% with congenital heart disease. The days of hospitalization (p = 0.01), the number of patients with oxygen requirements (p = 0.001) as well as the days of its use (p = 0.02), the rate of mechanical ventilation (p = 0.0003) and admission to pediatric intensive care unit (p <0.001), were all significantly higher in the group of patients with risk factors. Conclusions: One third of RSV hospitalized patients will have at least one risk factor. Patients with congenital heart disease represent the most frequent risk group for the worsening of patients with RSV infection.