Frecuencia de cardiopatías congénitas cianosantes y sus complicaciones en niños de 1 año – 5 años de edad en el área de consulta externa en el Hospital de Especialidades Francisco Icaza Bustamante de la ciudad de Guayaquil año 2020.

Abstract

Introduction: Congenital malformations are the main cause of heart failure and death in children under 5 years of age. Objective: To determine the frequency of cyanotic congenital heart disease and its complications in children aged 1 - 5 years in the outpatient area of the Francisco Icaza Bustamante Specialty Hospital in the city of Guayaquil in 2020. Methodology: descriptive, quantitative, retrospective non-experimental cross-sectional design. Technique: Indirect observation matrix. Instrument: Indirect Observation Sheet. Population 177 children with cyanotic heart disease. Results: Sociodemographic characteristics: male sex 55%. Age: 1 to 3 years 86% and 4 - 5 years 14%. Ethnicity: 81% mestizo. genetic alterations: 21% Down syndrome, 23% diabetes, alcohol 13% and drugs 12%. Cyanotic type of congenital heart disease, pulmonary flow increased transposition of the great vessels 32%, pulmonary flow decreased, pulmonary atresia 25%. Complications: acute; Ventricular cardiac arrhythmia 25%, while late congestive heart failure occurred in 20% of children. Conclusion: The study determines that congenital heart diseases are a worldwide problem, which is why it is necessary for health services to take into account the need to provide timely surgical medical services, and to continue conducting epidemiological investigations on this problem that affects the children population.