Detección temprana del cáncer oral. Revisión sistemática.

Abstract

Introduction: oral cancer is a chronic condition that can be prevented if it is found in its initial stage, so it is important to know the diagnostic methods and risk factors that are associated with this problem. Objective: To analyze the diagnostic techniques for the detection of oral cancer. Materials and methods: A qualitative systematic review was carried out, the type of research is retrospective. The design is descriptive - observational and not experimental. With the inclusion methods, we obtained a total of 97 articles, which were evaluated and the articles with relevant literature were used. Results: after evaluating the articles used in this research work, we could observe that there are changes in biomarkers both in tissues and in body fluids. We were also able to evaluate the techniques for the detection of oral cancer and its effectiveness to be able to give a diagnosis. We evaluate the risk factors and the association between them to be able to malignant a precancerous lesion. Discussion: there are changes in biomarkers that can be taken as a reference for the early detection of oral cancer. The techniques of this systematic review study were evaluated to determine their specificity and which of the techniques will be the one that gives the best diagnosis. Conclusion: The Gold standard for the early detection of oral cancer is the biopsy plus the histopathological examination. The imaging-based test is very promising, but the studies reviewed showed it to be ineffective in detecting this condition.