Factores causales que inciden en la hernia incisional postquirúrgica en el Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo durante el periodo de enero 2017 a diciembre 2018.

Abstract

Introduction: Incisional hernias represent a challenge for surgical specialties since the technique sometimes fails, nowadays it has become a frequent complication and an important source of morbidity. A series of risk factors are added, such as obesity, sex, age, surgical technique or materials not according to needs, infection at the operative site, these affect the formation of HI, it will be detailed based on data from the surgery area. of the HTMC. Different hernioplasty techniques have been used, such as simple suturing and closing with the Mayo technique, the use of open or laparoscopic prostheses, where the latter two techniques have a lower recurrence rate and are considered as an alternative to treat this pathology. Objective: To identify the causal factors that affect post-surgical incisional hernia at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital from January 2017 to December 2018. Methodology: Prevalence or Cross-sectional Study (Observational, descriptive) and cohort study (observational, analytical). Study of patients treated from January 2017 to December 2018 (24 months) at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital (IESS) who were assessed for post-surgical incisional hernia, with its surgical parts and medical records with the ICD10 corresponding to each patient, more review Extensive bibliography in different computer search engines. Results: In the study carried out, it was evidenced that in 2017 there was a greater demand for patients with HI 58.7%, unlike in 2018, which only consisted of 41.3%, with 60.23% being distributed in women versus 39.77% in men, which is why there is a higher incidence of HI In women due to high exposure to risk factors, it was found that the BMI that was related to female patients in the 50-59 age group presented 29.33%, as did the 60-69 year old male group, which was 36.54%. On the other hand, the classification was differentiated according to the event that occurred: laparotomy 32.58%, laparoscopy 56.44% and trauma 10.98%, according to time of evolution, the incidence of old IH was greater with 67.42%, the unilocular ones were 67.42% and the multilocular ones 32 , 58%, presented more frequently in the medial supraumbilical position with 36.74%, so the treatment to be followed was the subsequent repair consisting of 56.44% Conclusion: In this way, we conclude that the highest risk factor is female sex, from the age group 50-59 years explained by the SEX / AGE / BMI table, representing 29.33%, unlike the age group of 60-69 years of the male sex that 36.54% was overweight, in which both showed a higher incidence. By procedure, laparoscopy presented the highest range 56.44%, unlike laparotomy 32.58%. Thus, my hypothesis is clarified, the highest percentage is to be a woman, with a high BMI and the procedure to follow is laparoscopic.