Prevalencia de la neumatización del seno maxilar mediante CBCT, en Centros Radiológicos. Guayaquil 2018.

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence of pneumatization of the maxillary sinus in relation to the absence of dental pieces and alveolar resorption for success in the surgical and prosthetic treatment plan. Materials and methods: The present work is a cross-sectional study, where 200 computed tomographies were observed applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of those tomographies, 90 were analyzed to verify this study. The zone of second premolars to third molars was analyzed, where the site with the smallest bony margin will be the point of analysis. Results: In the present study, according to the classification of Cawood and Howell on the types of posterior atrophic ridges, the most prevalent was class V. This was observed in 41% of the left maxillary sinuses and 45% in the right maxillary sinuses. According to the classification of Niu on the contours of the sinus floors, it was observed that the narrow conical types A were the most prevalent in the absence of the second premolars until the second molars, both in the left and right maxillary sinuses. With regard to alveolar availability, according to the Carl Misch classification, grade IV was the most prevalent in 63% of the left maxillary sinuses and 62% in the right maxillary sinuses. Consequently, the less the alveolar ridge there was, the greater the collapse of the maxillary sinus, which, according to García's study, was classified as degree 4 of pneumatization in 64% of the left maxillary sinuses and 66% in the rights. In turn, it was observed that the less bone availability there was, the depth of the maxillary sinus was below 6 mm of the palate, corresponding to a classification III according to Wagner in his study. Conclusion: The loss of teeth is the cause of the reabsorption of the maxillary bone and as a result the pneumatization of the maxillary sinus.