Factores causales de insuficiencia cardiaca en pacientes mayores de 45 años atendidos en el Hospital Luis Vernaza periodo 2016 - 2017.

Abstract

Introduction: Heart failure under an etiological basis, is considered as the result of a set of molecular, chemical and structural alterations, which will affect the myocardium, causing a dysfunction in its contractility, decreasing the blood supply to structures distant from the heart. All this systematization is interpreted within the cardiovascular continuum which indicates that, within any cardiac pathology, it will always start with the risk factors finally evolved, if there was no control, toward death. Objective: To determine which etiology is the highest percentage that leads to heart failure. Methodology: An observational, cross-sectional and analytical study was carried out in the Cardiology service of Luis Vernaza Hospital during the period from 2016-2017. Results: Within the simple studied a total of 219 patients were counted, the 50.7%(n=111) represent the female sex and 49.3% (n=108) the male sex, between the age range of 18 and 100 years we obtain a mean of 71.87 ± 14.209 years, median 74 years, mode 85 years. The 3 etiologies with the highest prevalence in our simple were ischemic heart disease with 37.4%, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with 25.1% and atrial fibrillation with 21% occupying the first, second and third place respectively. Conclusions: The most frequent etiology was ischemic heart disease representing a percentage of 37.4% of the total sample, however in the age group over 80 years, it was recorded that atrial fibrillation was the major cause of development of heart failure.