Correlación clínica – epidemiológica de las crisis convulsivas presentadas por primera vez en pacientes de 0 a 14 años en el Hospital del Niño Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante, período 2022 – 2024.

Abstract

Introduction: Seizures are currently a frequent reason for neurological consultations in pediatrics. Objective: To determine the clinical-epidemiological correlation of first-time seizures in patients aged 0 to 14 years treated at the Dr. Francisco De Icaza Bustamante Children's Hospital, from 2022 to 2024. Methodology: An observational, descriptive, and correlational cross-sectional study was conducted with a retrospective review of 461 medical records, of which 195 met the selection criteria. Results: The study revealed that the median age was 1 year, with 66.7% being infants and a predominance of males (54.4%). Febrile seizures were the most common cause (52.3%), followed by afebrile seizures (41.5%) and epileptic spasms (6.2%). Similarly, it was found that 86.3% of febrile seizures did not receive medication, while in afebrile seizures, benzodiazepine use was higher (45.7%) compared to febrile seizures (10.8%). A significant association was also found with the subtype of febrile seizure, particularly complex seizures (30.8%) versus simple seizures (1.4%) (p < 0.001). Furthermore, at hospital discharge, 32.5% of patients received a diagnosis of epilepsy, with significant differences according to the seizure type. Conclusion: The results determined a significant relationship between the clinical characteristics of the first pediatric seizure and epidemiological factors, allowing for the identification of important patterns in patients and highlighting opportunities for improvement in the institutional protocol for initial management.