Prácticas de autocuidado en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo II que adoptan la dieta mediterránea como estrategia en la adherencia al tratamiento atendidos en el Centro de Salud Materno Infantil Santa Lucía.

Abstract

Self-care practices involve intentional daily actions aimed at maintaining and improving health. The Mediterranean diet is widely recognized as a beneficial dietary pattern for metabolic control in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Objective: To analyze self-care practices in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who adopt the Mediterranean diet. Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive, prospective, and cross-sectional study was conducted. Population: 80 patients. Technique: Survey. Instrument: Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) questionnaire. Results: Sociodemographic characteristics: Age: 20–30 years, 12.5%; 31–41 years, 18.8%; 42–52 years, 35%; 52 years and older, 33.7%. Sex: women, 62.5%; men, 37.5%. Level of academic instruction: primary, 18.8%; secondary, 47.5%; higher education, 25%; illiterate, 8.7%. Duration of disease: 1–5 years, 43.7%; 6–10 years, 31.3%; more than 10 years, 25%. Foods they consume: use of olive oil, 62.5%; 4 tablespoons of olive oil, 43%; vegetables, 56%; fruits, 50%; >1 daily serving of red meats/processed meats, 47.5%; >1 daily serving of butter, 52.5%; <1 sugary drink, 45%; legumes, 48.75%; >3 servings of fish/week, 37.50%; <2 sweets/week, 43.75%; >3 servings of nuts/weekly, 46.25%; preference for white meats, 48.75%; 2 times homemade preparations, 55%; consumption of sofrito-type foods, 41.21%. Level of adherence: low, 25%; moderate, 56.25%; high, 18.75%. Conclusion: The level of adherence in the consumption of the Mediterranean diet is moderate.