Prevalencia de complicaciones clínicas en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en tratamiento de hemodiálisis, que asisten al Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo.

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease is generally characterized by a progressive decline in kidney function, preventing the kidneys from filtering toxins from the blood. This leads to decompensation in patients requiring hemodialysis treatment, who may experience complications during or after the procedure, such as cramps, hypotension, nausea, vomiting, and neurological disturbances, which are the most common. Objective: To determine the prevalence of clinical complications in adult patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methodology: Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, non-experimental study design. Population: 50 patients. Results: Global prevalence; total cases presented from 2024 to 2026: 304; total adolescents treated from 2024 to 2026: 3190. Clinical complications had a global prevalence of 9.53%; 60% of respondents were male, and 24% were in the 46-50 age group. Acute complications included intradialytic hypotension (52%), muscle cramps (39%), and nausea (31%). Chronic complications included anemia (68%) and fluid overload (55%). Complications related to vascular access included dysfunction (34%), infections (29%), and thrombosis (22%). In conclusion, patients undergoing hemodialysis experience several clinical complications, such as hypotension during dialysis, anemia, and vascular problems. These complications were more frequent in middle-aged men. Therefore, the study emphasizes the need for continuous evaluation, the development of preventive strategies, and the provision of high-quality, compassionate care that optimizes patient safety.