Prevalencia y factores de riesgo de gastritis atrófica multifocal asociada a Helicobacter pylori según la clasificación endoscópica de Kimura–Takemoto en pacientes de 20 a 80 años atendidos en el Hospital General Monte Sinaí, 2023–2024.

Abstract

Currently, it is estimated that approximately 50% of the global population is infected with Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium responsible for gastric mucosal damage that may progress to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and even mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. From a pathophysiological perspective, this infection triggers a progressive inflammatory response that leads to the destruction of gastric glands, promoting atrophy and cellular changes that increase the risk of malignant transformation. In this context, multifocal atrophic gastritis represents a key stage within Correa’s cascade and is considered a precancerous lesion that may evolve into gastric cancer. Advances such as high-resolution endoscopy and the Kimura–Takemoto classification allow for accurate identification and staging of these lesions based on their extent. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of multifocal atrophic gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori in patients aged 20 to 80 years treated at Hospital General Monte Sinaí during the 2023–2024 period. An observational, analytical, cross-sectional, and retrospective study was conducted, based on the review of medical records. A total of 150 patients were evaluated, with the highest prevalence observed in the 51 to 60 age group (27%) and a predominance in males (63%). The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 73%. Additionally, closed stages were more frequent (78.7%) compared to open stages (21.3%). In conclusion, there is a high prevalence of H. pylori infection, reinforcing its role as an etiological factor in multifocal atrophic gastritis and its potential progression to precancerous lesions.