Estudio del burnout en los trabajadores que se desempeñan como cuidadores de adultos mayores.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of burnout syndrome and its three dimensions (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment) in caregivers of older adults at a gerontological facility in Guayaquil, using the Burnout Inventory (MBI). In recent decades, increased life expectancy has led to a steady rise in the elderly population. This population is susceptible to chronic and debilitating diseases such as dementia, motor disorders, and cardiovascular conditions. This scenario has increased the demand for structured support, especially for trained caregivers working in residential facilities, day centers, or providing home care. These workers often face long hours and a constant emotional burden. This can affect their well-being over time; prolonged exposure to these conditions is reflected primarily in emotional exhaustion, distancing attitudes toward the staff they care for, and a decreased sense of personal accomplishment. The burnout experienced by caregivers is not limited to the workplace but also has direct consequences for their physical and psychological health. It also reduces the quality of care they provide. The lack of institutional strategies to prevent and address this problem exacerbates it. A questionnaire was used as the methodology to assess burnout. The analysis indicated that most caregivers at the center present a medium risk, and only one worker has high levels in all three dimensions. To counteract this situation, human resource management in geriatric institutions must be strengthened, promoting self-care practices, emotional support, and dignified working conditions.