Prevalencia de bacterias multirresistentes en pacientes hospitalizados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo. Periodo 2022 a 2024.

Abstract

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing threat to global public health, especially in intensive care units (ICUs), where patients are more vulnerable to severe infections. Multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) increase mortality, prolong hospital stays, and raise healthcare costs. This study focuses on the prevalence of MDR in patients hospitalized in the ICU of the Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, Ecuador. Objective: To determine the prevalence of MDR in the ICU, identify the most prevalent bacterial species, and analyze the risk factors associated with MDR infections, as well as their impact on the clinical outcomes of patients. Methodology: An observational, descriptive, and retrospective design was adopted. Data were obtained from clinical records of patients hospitalized in the ICU between 2022 and 2024. Microbiological cultures and antibiograms were performed to identify bacterial species and their resistance profiles. Results: The global prevalence of MDR was 9.51%, with Klebsiella pneumoniae (25%), Acinetobacter baumannii (16.6%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.5%) being the most prevalent species. The use of invasive devices (62.5%) and previous exposure to antibiotics (55.5%) were the main risk factors. The mortality rate among patients with MDR was 50%. Conclusions: The study confirms that the prevalence of MDR in the ICU is significant and is associated with the use of invasive devices and exposure to antimicrobials. It is recommended to strengthen infection control strategies and optimize antibiotic use in this critical environment.