Trastornos musculoesqueléticos en operarios del área de torno : propuesta de vigilancia ergonómica en una empresa electromecánica de Guayaquil.

Abstract

In the electromechanical industry, few studies have been conducted on the relationship between ergonomics and the lathe area-a workplace with a high incidence of musculoskeletal disorders, characterized by discomfort and pain in various parts of the body, particularly the lower back, neck, and hands. These issues are primarily due to the nature of the tasks performed, which often involve poor posture, physical exertion, and repetitive movements. The main objective of this research is to develop a proposal for ergonomic monitoring aimed at preventing and reducing the level of risk for personnel working in the lathe area of the company. Through a multidisciplinary study conducted with a working population consisting of four employees, the research began with a diagnosis of working conditions to identify the ergonomic risks present at this workstation. For this purpose, an ergonomic assessment method, REBA, was used to evaluate postural load. Additionally, the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was applied to confirm the presence of discomfort or musculoskeletal injuries, and, together with direct observation, it was possible to determine the types of risks faced by the workers. Following the results-which indicate a very high risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in the lathe area-a proposal for ergonomic monitoring was developed with the goal of improving working conditions and reducing the incidence of MSDs in this area of the electromechanical company.