Caracterización : desenlaces materno-fetales en gestantes con obesidad en el Hospital General Liborio Panchana Sotomayor de enero a diciembre 2023.

Abstract

Maternal obesity is a public health problem that can lead to maternal complications and, in turn, affect fetal outcomes. This research employed an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, and descriptive design by analyzing clinical records from Hospital General Liborio Panchana Sotomayor, corresponding to pregnant women treated between January and December 2023. A sample of 541 patients was selected using systematic random sampling. Sociodemographic, maternal, and fetal variables were evaluated, and statistical tests (chi-square) were applied to examine the relationship between obesity and complications such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and prematurity. The results demonstrated an obesity prevalence of 29.6%. Significant associations were found between obesity and maternal complications such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes, while variables such as type of delivery and postpartum hemorrhage did not show relevant differences. Regarding fetal outcomes, a statistically significant association was found with prematurity. The study presents certain limitations, including the lack of control over other variables that may influence maternal-fetal outcomes, unreliability of clinical records, and the absence of patients from other regions or hospital units; therefore, a prospective, multicenter study is recommended.