Relación de los hábitos alimentarios de los pacientes quirúrgicos con enfermedades colorrectales, del Hospital IESS Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, en el periodo de agosto 2024 - enero del 2025.

Abstract

Introduction: Eating habits and nutritional status play an important role in the onset and complications of colorectal diseases. Objective: To determine the relationship between eating habits and surgical patients with colorectal diseases at the IESS Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital during the period from August 2024 to January 2025. Methods and Materials: An analytical study with a quantitative approach of a correlational type with a cross-sectional cohort was conducted, in which numerical data were collected to analyze the relationship between eating habits and surgical patients with colorectal diseases aged between 20 and 80 years. A non-probabilistic, intentional sampling was used, considering patients available during the study period who met the established criteria. The data were obtained through a food frequency questionnaire and screening tools, stored in a digital Excel file, and later processed using the statistical software Jamovi. Results: In a sample of 100 patients with colorectal diseases, the average BMI was within the healthy range, although cases of overweight were identified. 65% of the patients were at moderate to high nutritional risk. A low level of physical activity was evident, along with the prevalence of colon cancer (22%) and diverticular disease (29%). Most had diets low in fiber and high in red meat, processed meats, and ultra-processed foods. These habits are associated with an increased gastrointestinal risk, highlighting the need for nutritional interventions. Conclusion: The study revealed variability in nutritional status, with cases of overweight and obesity despite a normal average BMI. All patients (100%) were at nutritional risk according to the NRS-2002, which is especially relevant in the context of colorectal diseases. A high intake of processed meats and low fiber consumption was identified, particularly among those with colon cancer or diverticulosis. Furthermore, the low level of physical activity worsens the risk of complications. These findings confirm the relationship between malnutrition and inadequate eating habits in this population.