Intervención de la realidad virtual en la rehabilitación de adultos mayores con trastornos cognitivos y motores.

Abstract

Aging leads to a progressive decrease in cognitive and motor function, affecting the quality of life of the elderly. In this context, neurodegenerative disorders and motor conditions are common, increasing the risk of falls and cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVE: Determine the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) in older adults with cognitive and motor disorders residing in the Carlos Luis Plaza Dañin Asylum in Guayaquil, during the period 2024-2025. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A quantitative study was carried out, with a quasi-experimental design and longitudinal type with a descriptive scope. To evaluate motor function, the Berg Scale was used, while the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test allowed cognitive impairment to be measured. In addition, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to record pain perception. RESULTS: Significant improvements were evident in the cognitive and motor function of the participants. Before the intervention, 92% had cognitive impairment according to the MoCA, reducing to 82% after the use of VR. Regarding the risk of falls, the Berg Scale data reflected a decrease in the percentage of adults at high risk of falling, from 23.68% to 10.53%. Likewise, pain perception decreased from VAS 8 and 9 (47.36%) to VAS 5 and 7 (55.26%). CONCLUSION: Virtual reality is an effective tool in geriatric rehabilitation, improving mobility, balance, and cognitive function. However, it is recommended to continue with studies to optimize its application in therapies for older adults.