Caracterización clínica y epidemiológica del síndrome nefrótico y su relación con el desarrollo de Enfermedad Renal Crónica en los pacientes pediátricos atendidos en el hospital del niño Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante, período enero 2019 - diciembre 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: nephrotic syndrome in pediatric patients is a complex clinical condition with significant impacts on child health and development. This study focuses on patients treated at the Hospital del Niño Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante from January 2019 to December 2023, aiming to describe clinical-epidemiological characteristics, identify risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) development, and correlate disease progression with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) impairment. Objective: the study aims to provide a comprehensive view of nephrotic syndrome in this specific population, identify risk factors .associated with progression to CKD, and analyze how GFR impairment affects disease progression. Methodology: a descriptive and correlational study was conducted based on the review of medical records of 178 pediatric nephrotic syndrome patients. Clinical characteristics, treatment responses, and disease progression in relation to GFR were analyzed. Chi-square analysis was used to assess associations between variables. Results: most patients had normal GFR (76.4%), with 49.9% showing favorable disease progression. In contrast, 23.6% with impaired GFR had a lower rate of improvement (7.9%). Findings indicate high prevalence of proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema, with 58.99% of patients being corticosteroid-sensitive. The chi-square value (12,9) with p=0.001 suggests a significant association between GFR impairment and disease progression. Conclusions: Patients with unchanged GFR have a greater probability of experiencing a positive outcome. Identification of risk factors such as persistent proteinuria may help in preventing progression to chronic kidney disease. It is crucial to adapt treatment strategies in patients with altered GFR to improve their long-term clinical evolution.