Perfil clínico y su asociación con anticuerpos específicos de miositis en pacientes con dermatomiositis juvenil.

Abstract

Introduction: Juvenile-onset dermatomyositis is a very rare disease with an incidence of approximately 2 to 4 per million. Most affected children have associated skin diseases, along with muscle weakness, elevated levels of muscle enzymes associated with the detection of autoantibodies. Objective: To analyze the clinical manifestations and presence of specific antibodies in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis; as well as assessing the potential relationship between clinical manifestations and these antibodies. Methodology: Patients between 1 and 17 years and 11 months attended from January 2016 to September 2023, with a diagnosis of Juvenile Dermatomyositis (JDM) according to the criteria of Bohan and Peter, were included. Subsequently, an analysis of measures of central tendency was performed using the SPSS v26 platform. The association between the nominal variables was determined by tests based on x2 distribution or Fisher’s exact test, considering a statistically significant value. Results: In the population analyzed, a clinical profile similar to those described in other series was observed, including the predominance of female sex and age at presentation. Thus, we recognize muscle symptoms as the main reason for consultation, taking weakness as the main example, followed by characteristic skin manifestations. In relation to the presence of myositis-specific antibodies, we have MI2 that are associated with the presentation of cutaneous manifestations. Conclusions: The diagnosis and follow-up of patients with JDM can be complex, but the detection of autoantibodies together with the clinical symptoms, especially the cutaneous manifestations, allows us to.