Perfil epidemiológico y caracterización de trabajo parto pretérmino en primigestas del Hospital del Guasmo Sur de Guayaquil durante el periodo 2019-2022.

Abstract

Introduction: Preterm birth is one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted to identify the epidemiological profile and risk factors associated with preterm birth in primigravidas treated at the Hospital General Guasmo Sur in Guayaquil, during the period from 2019 to 2022. Methodology: An observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 110 primigravidas diagnosed with preterm labor. Data collection was conducted through the review of medical records registered in the hospital's system. The inclusion criteria were women diagnosed with preterm labor who were attended during the study period. Results: The final sample included 110 primigravidas, with a mean age of 21.2 years. Of the total preterm births, 61.5% were performed by cesarean section. The most frequently identified risk factors were premature rupture of membranes (18.1%), oligohydramnios (15.4%), and preeclampsia (12.3%). Additionally, it was observed that 80.9% of the participants were single, and 69.1% had completed secondary education. Conclusion: The high prevalence of obstetric complications and risk factors associated with preterm birth in primigravidas underscores the importance of improving prenatal care and early intervention strategies to reduce the frequency of preterm birth and its potential complications. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial to optimize perinatal outcomes in this context.