Obesidad como factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de complicaciones materno-fetales en pacientes ginecoobstétricas del Hospital General Babahoyo desde febrero del 2024 hasta mayo del 2024.

Abstract

Introduction: Weight during pregnancy is a fundamental aspect that affects the health of the mother and baby. Both having an adequate weight and being overweight can increase the risk of complications during childbirth and in the newborn. Objective: To link maternal obesity as a risk factor for the development of maternal-fetal complications in obstetric-gynecological patients at the Babahoyo General Hospital during the period from February to May 2024. Methodology: A descriptive, observational, retrospective and quantitative methodology was used, with a population of 112 patients, 56 patients with obesity and 56 without obesity, thereby allowing a balanced distribution between the groups. Results: Maternal obesity is associated with significant complications, including gestational hypertension (p=0.004), preeclampsia (p=0.015), and gestational diabetes (p=0.026). At a descriptive level, 46.4% of patients presented grade I obesity. Within this group, 14.3% had urinary tract infection, 8.9% had genital infection, 8% experienced bleeding during pregnancy, 12.5% presented gestational hypertension, 7.1% preeclampsia, 8% gestational diabetes and 3.6% intrauterine growth restriction. Conclusion: Obesity is a significant risk factor for the development of maternal complications, such as gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and gestational diabetes.