Relación demográfica entre los pacientes sometidos a cirugía de reemplazo valvular aórtico y el tipo de prótesis elegida en el Hospital Alcívar en el periodo de 2019 - 2022.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Aortic valvular disease is highly relevant at the public health level, since it has had significant growth in terms of morbidity and mortality, which is associated with an increase in life expectancy in the population.⁽¹⁾ Currently, there are no epidemiological studies that more accurately describe the percentage of the national population affected by this type of pathology, there are no studies either that relate demographic characteristics with the choice of the type of prosthesis, this being a relevant factor in this analysis to benefit the patient. In general, it is estimated that cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality with 34.7% of deaths according to the Steps Ecuador 2018 survey. OBJECTIVE: Relate demographic characteristics to the choice of the type of aortic valve prosthesis in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement at the Alcívar Hospital during the period 2019 – 2022. METHODOLOGY: The present study is observational, retrospective, and cross-sectional in nature, which is based purely on patients who underwent aortic valve replacement surgery at the Alcívar Hospital during the period 2019 - 2022 in Guayaquil, Ecuador. A review was carried out of 200 medical records of patients with diagnoses of aortic stenosis and insufficiency who 119 patients met the established inclusion and exclusion variables. RESULTS: Demographic factors such as age and origin had statistical significance in the choice of the type of prosthesis, demonstrated by the chi square test (P ≤ 0.05), where age obtained (P = 0.00001) and origin obtained (P = 0.0269), besides, no significance was found in relation to sex (P = 0.2882). CONCLUSION: Among the variables considered in the study, age is the most important demographic factor that directly influences the choice of the type of aortic valve prosthesis.