Helicobacter pylori como factor de riesgo para adenocarcinoma y otras neoplasias gástricas en el Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo en el año 2022-2023.

Abstract

Introduction: H. pylori is a risk factor for developing gastric adenocarcinoma. In 2018, 18 million new cases and 9.6 million deaths were reported worldwide. In Ecuador, almost 70% of children have H. pylori infection. Diagnostic tests, such as serology, fecal antigen and upper endoscopy, are essential for detection and treatment. This study seeks to correlate this infection with the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma between 2022 and 2023. Methodology: Observational, retrospective and descriptive study, where data were collected from 271 medical records, and 160 patients as a sample, applying inclusion criteria. The data were analyzed with measures of central tendency and dispersion, using SPSS. Statistical tests included chi square, Fisher test, Odds ratio and Spearman correlation to determine associations between variables. Results: The majority with gastric adenocarcinoma were men, with a mean age of 65,1 years (SD=13,48). Histopathologically, 58% of patients presented gastric atrophy, the intestinal type was the most frequent (45%), followed by diffuse (31,9%) and undifferentiated (13,8%). H. pylori infection increased the risk of overall adenocarcinoma by 6-fold and the risk of undifferentiated adenocarcinoma by 4-fold. The most common locations of the tumors were the body and antrum of the stomach. Conclusion: Helicobacter pylori infection significantly increases the risk of developing gastric adenocarcinoma, especially the undifferentiated type. Intestinal adenocarcinoma was the most common, mainly located in the body and antrum of the stomach.