Detección oportuna de diabetes gestacional en embarazadas de 30 a 45 años de edad en el Hospital IESS Babahoyo en el periodo septiembre 2023 hasta julio 2024.

Abstract

Introduction: Gestational diabetes is a condition that can occur during a woman's pregnancy. The need for effective strategies for detection and management is alleviated by the increased prevalence of this pathology. Objective: To determine a screening strategy for the early detection of gestational diabetes in pregnant women between 30 and 45 years of age: Methodology: A prospective and analytical design was used to observe pregnant women between 30 and 45 years of age who attend the IESS Babahoyo Hospital. The estimated population is 2,500 pregnant women, with a sample size of at least 343 patients, of which 50 were excluded due to not having a complete medical history, then 61 were eliminated for exceeding the established age range, leaving 67 women with gestational diabetes induced by pregnancy and 166 women with diabetes in the gestational state but not induced during pregnancy. Data were collected through medical records, oral glucose tolerance tests, and prospective follow-up using simple random probability sampling. Results: A worrying prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes before pregnancy (BMI) was found. It showed that mothers with non-induced diabetes had an average BMI of 29.20 kg/m², compared to 27.78 kg/m² in those with induced diabetes. This increase in BMI highlights the critical relationship between obesity and the risk of complications during pregnancy, glucose tests are higher in mothers who do not have pregnancy-induced gestational diabetes. Conclusions: 71.24% of pregnant women with gestational diabetes at Babahoyo General Hospital did not have the disease induced by pregnancy. This indicates that it is important to have a more intensive management on the identification and control of the same to improve the health conditions for both the mother and her child.