Hipertensión Arterial como factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de Enfermedad renal crónica en pacientes de 40 a 60 años del Hospital Naval Sur de Guayaquil desde el año 2020 a 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Hypertension is a chronic non-communicable disease that qualifies as the main risk factor for both cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Objective: This study examines arterial hypertension (AHT) as a risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients aged 40 to 60 at the Naval Hospital South of Guayaquil between 2020 and 2023. Methodology: This is a study with an observational approach according to the researcher´s intervention, at a relational, retrospective and transversal investigative level. Results: show a clear relationship between AHT and CKD, with higher incidence in the 55-60 age group (38.7%) and male predominance (58.2%). A concentration of cases was observed in middle and high socioeconomic levels, suggesting disparities in access to healthcare. The distribution of hypertension grades revealed a high prevalence of severe cases, indicating potential issues in early diagnosis and management of AHT. CKD showed a non-linear distribution across stages, with concentrations in stages II and IV, suggesting possible rapid disease progression. Biochemical markers (creatinine and urea) and glomerular filtration rate confirmed renal function deterioration in hypertensive patients. Fluctuations in antihypertensive treatment were observed over the years, highlighting the importance of improving treatment adherence. Conclusion: Arterial hypertension is a significant risk factor for CKD, especially in men over 50 years old. Recommendations include implementing early detection programs, improving blood pressure control, addressing disparities in medical care, and developing strategies to increase long-term treatment adherence.