Determinación de los subtipos más frecuentes de VPH en pacientes con cáncer epitelial de células escamosas del servicio de oncología en el Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo en el año 2018- 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA virus associated with various types of epithelial cancers, with cervical cancer being the most common. Given its high prevalence and ability to induce carcinogenesis, conducting studies to identify the most prevalent serotypes is crucial, especially among vulnerable population groups. Objective: The study aimed to identify the most common HPV serotypes in patients with squamous cell epithelial cancer and examine their distribution in relation to demographic and clinical factors. This information is intended to guide future preventive and therapeutic intervention strategies. Methodology: An observational study was conducted using a retrospective and cross-sectional design, based on a review of medical records and PCR test results of 491 patients from the oncology department. Results: Among the identified HPV serotypes, HPV-16 (33%) and HPV-18 (11%) were the most prevalent. The cohort had a significant gender distribution, with 89.4% of cases identified in women. HPV-16 and HPV-18 were strongly associated with multiple types of cancer, including cervical and anal cancer, highlighting their substantial contribution to the overall disease burden. Conclusion: Our study emphasizes the importance of screening programs and raising awareness about HPV serotypes. Developing personalized management protocols is crucial, as is conducting further research on the factors that influence progression to cancer, to optimize both prevention and prognosis.