Impacto de la incompatibilidad ABO O-B vs O-A en la necesidad de fototerapia en el Hospital General Guasmo Sur durante el periodo 2022-2023.

Abstract

Introduction: ABO incompatibility is one of the leading causes of neonatal death. Phototherapy is the first-line treatment in ABO incompatibility hyperbilirubinemia due to the significant decrease in hyperbilirubinemia and reduction in the use of other types of therapies. The need for phototherapy depends on bilirubin levels where effectiveness depends on multiple factors, however, the main factors are the number of hours, dosage, and type of phototherapy. Objective: to establish the need for phototherapy in neonates with ABO O-B vs O-A incompatibility at the Guasmo Sur General Hospital during the period 2022-2023. Methodology: this is an observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study. The sample is 246 newborns of Guasmo Sur General Hospital. Data were obtained from medical records. Results: 167 newborns with OA incompatibility (67.89%) and 79 newborns with OB incompatibility (32.11%) were found. 63.42% were born with a weight of less than 2500g and 40.24% were born before 37 weeks of gestation. Both groups developed total bilirubin levels between 16-20 mg/dL with a negative Coombs test. 67.49% did not require the use of phototherapy despite significant hyperbilirubinemia. Conclusion: Newborns with OA incompatibility have a greater need for phototherapy than newborns with OB incompatibility. There is a statistically significant difference in the need for phototherapy between OB incompatibility and OA incompatibility at the Guasmo Sur General Hospital.