Bruxismo y manifestaciones clínicas en el sistema estomatognático entre estudiantes de odontología de la UCSG.

Abstract

Introduction: Bruxism is a phenomenon characterized by the involuntary contraction of the masticatory muscles under non-physiological conditions, leading to intermittent masticatory movements and potentially causing various severe health complications. There are two main types of bruxism: sleep bruxism (SB) and awake bruxism (AB). The complications of bruxism are diverse and can affect dental health and quality of life. Objective: To determine the prevalence of bruxism and its clinical manifestations in the stomatognathic system among students in the dentistry program at the UCSG during the A – 2024 period. Materials and Methods: An observational and descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. A final sample of 425 dentistry students was obtained, all of whom signed informed consent forms. The diagnostic of protocol for bruxism was used, involving 22 questions for the participants and extraoral and intraoral examinations. Results: 49.4% of the students did not have bruxism, while the other 50.6% did. Occlusal wear (OR = 5.3617) and fatigue (OR = 5.5901) were the variables with the strongest associations. The risk of bruxism in the study participants is likely 5.36 times higher when occlusal wear is present and 5.59 times higher when fatigue is present. Conclusion: A high prevalence of bruxism was demonstrated among the students, significantly associated with various signs and symptoms, reflecting a considerable impact of bruxism on the stomatognathic system.