Análisis financiero en las PYMES del sector de elaboración de productos alimenticios del Ecuador durante el período 2019 - 2023.

Abstract

This research project addresses the financial analysis of SMEs in the agribusness sector to determine their current situation and prediction of bankruptcy through financial ratios during the periods 2019-2023. The research is developed under the framework of nonexperimental quantitative methodology, it is applied longitudinally and with a descriptive scope. The information used for the analysis is secondary because it was obtained from the database of the Superintendency of Companies, Securities and Insurance. Financial tools such as liquidity, solvency, profitability ratios and the Z2-Altman methodology were used to know the bankruptcy situation of the sector studied. Among the findings obtained, it was found that companies in the agribusness sector have solvency problems since they have high levels of indebtedness, most of them exceeding 100% and even reaching 200%, which indicates that they are in a state of over-indebtedness since credits exceed assets. It was also found that companies have good levels of liquidity, since they can pay their short-term debts and still have cash left over. Besides, in terms of profitability, most of the subsectors have negative percentages and some, such as C103, in 2020 and 2021 obtained an ROE of -170%, but for the following years it obtained an ROE of 11% for 2022 and 2023, remembering that this was one of the most affected by the pandemic and climate change. On the other hand, it was observed that 83% of the sector is in a safe zone with respect to the bankruptcy rate, since it exceeds 2.6 in 2023, with the exception of the C103 sector, which in 2022 was in a bankruptcy situation, but by 2023 it has improved its management and was placed in a gray zone and it is expected that for the following periods it will be in a green zone.