Enfermedad renal crónica como factor de riesgo para amputaciones mayores y menores en pacientes con pie diabético hospitalizados en la Dirección Hospitalaria Guayaquil desde el año 2018 al 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent and fatal disease, especially in countries like Ecuador; Diabetic foot (DP) is a serious complication of DM that can lead to non-traumatic lower extremity amputations. It is known from scientific research that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important risk factor for the development of PD and amputations. Objectives: Establish the clinicalepidemiological characteristics of patients with diabetic foot and its association with chronic kidney disease as a risk factor for major and minor amputations in the Guayaquil Hospital Management from 2018 to 2023. Methodology: The design of the research work was non-experimental observational crosssectional and retrospective with a bivariate correlational analysis; The population was taken as adult patients diagnosed with DM2 with major or minor amputations due to PD in the hospitalization ward at the Guayaquil Hospital Directorate from 2018 to 2023, with a total of 51 patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The average age of patients with PD and amputation was 71.49 years, men (76.5%), mixed race (100%); with good glycemic control, most common treatment is insulin (47.1%); Wagner Scale: Grade 2 (27.5%) and Initial Injury Ulcers (78.4%). The type of Amputation: Transfemoral amputation was the most performed (64.7%) and the majority of patients (70.6%) did not experience reputations. The prevalence of CKD, CKD grade 2 was the most prevalent (27.5%) and A1 albuminuria (100%). A statistically significant association was found between CKD and major or minor amputation in patients with PD (p = 0.02). The amputation rate was higher in patients with CKD than in those without CKD (38.5% vs 22.2%). The majority of amputations (73.3%) were performed in the first 2 years after PD diagnosis. Conclusions: There is a need to focus on improving early detection and treatment of DM 2 to prevent complications such as CKD and amputation in patients with PD disease.