Factores de riesgo que influyen en la hipertensión durante el embarazo en el servicio de ginecología del Hospital General Monte Sinaí durante el periodo de marzo 2022 – abril 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: HBP induced in pregnancy is a significant health problem that not only affects the mother but also causes fetal damage. In Ecuador, it is essential to recognize the particular risk factors related to HBP (high blood pressure) during pregnancy in order to implement an adequate protocol and improve health care results in our country. Objectives: The general objective of our study was to define the risk factors that influence hypertension during pregnancy in the Gynecology service of the Monte Sinaí General Hospital, in the period March 2022 - April 2023. In addition, determine the most important risk factors. highlighted, carry out an analysis that determines the relationship between each risk factor and the development of this hypertensive disorder, be able to develop prevention strategies and assess the effectiveness of current controls and strategies. Materials and Methods: Our research was a crosssectional, observational, retrospective, analytical and non-experimental study, with information extracted from the database of the Monte Sinaí General Hospital, from which 129 pregnant patients between 15 and 40 years old were selected. that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data such as family history, socioeconomic level, ethnicity, number of previous pregnancies, personal pathological history, in this case the metabolic disorder: obesity, were compiled and examined, in addition to analyzing previous paraclinical studies. Results: This research demonstrated that within the study population the age group most vulnerable to suffering from hypertension in pregnancy was 21-25 years old, the next group was 28-31 years old. The most susceptible ethnic group was the mestizo. Obesity, a risk factor that had a high prevalence, 63% of our population (129) were classified as obese. An interesting result of this study was the inclination of the hereditary factor, demonstrating that those patients who had hypertension as a maternal family pathological history were more likely to suffer from it during pregnancy (it had a predominance of 37.98%). A disturbing fact was that within the study population, 40.31% were able to perform laboratory tests during prenatal controls and most of them only had a single test, demonstrating that there are gaps in prenatal care and follow-up. Discussion: The findings reveal the lack of prenatal controls, doctor-patient information, educational programs that allow society to be educated, programs that focus on young women, fundamentally those with a low socioeconomic level and of mixed ethnicity. Not only are there gaps in the aforementioned, which is why this study emphasizes the interest of generalized prenatal monitoring protocols and calls for improvement in health infrastructure to support the prevention and control of hypertension in pregnancy.