Prevalencia de malformaciones congénitas gastrointestinales en neonatos de la UCIN del Hospital del Niño Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante desde mayo del 2022 a mayo del 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Congenital malformations have been a subject of significant interest and concern throughout history, given their critical need for immediate attention in the early stages of life and their continued prevalence among newborns. These anomalies within the gastrointestinal system present a diverse array of disorders. While many of these abnormalities are unique, a substantial portion is linked to impacts on other organs or the systems, as well as syndromes that can significantly influence the disease prognosis. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of congenital gastrointestinal malformations among neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of the Hospital del niño Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante from May 2022 to May 2023. Methodology: This study adopts a retrospective, longitudinal, and descriptive approach. The study's target population comprises patients diagnosed with congenital gastrointestinal malformations who received treatment at the Hospital del niño Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante. Results: Among 456 patients, 83 neonates presented with gastrointestinal malformations, resulting in a prevalence rate of 18.20%. Of these cases, 46.7% (37) were female, while 55.4% (46) were male. Discharge outcomes revealed that 31.3% (26) of neonates succumbed to their condition, while 68.7% (57) were discharged from the hospital. The most prevalent malformation observed was intestinal obstruction, affecting 42.5% of patients (35). Conclusions: Gastrointestinal complications emerge as a common cause of admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at the Hospital del niño Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante. Males exhibit a higher incidence rate of these malformations. Notably, mortality rates account for one-third of all neonates diagnosed with congenital gastrointestinal malformations.