Factores de riesgo asociados a mortalidad en pacientes politraumatizados entre 18 y 45 años de edad atendidos en el Hospital General Guasmo Sur durante el periodo 2021 – 2022.

Abstract

Introduction: Mortality associated with polytrauma in young adults poses a significant challenge to health systems. This study focuses on identifying risk factors associated with mortality among polytraumatized patients aged 18 to 45 treated at Hospital General Guasmo Sur during 2021-2022. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 600 polytraumatized patients, using descriptive statistical analysis to determine prevalences and chi-square analysis with Odds Ratio (OR) and Relative Risk (RR) calculations to assess associations between risk factors and mortality. Results: The prevalence of polytrauma was 20%. Males accounted for 71.81% of the cases, with cranioencephalic and polytrauma being the most common injuries (29.38% each). The deadliest risk factors included firearm injuries (OR: 10.76, RR: 10.55) and complications such as multiorgan failure (RR: 102.98). Approximately one-third of the patients (32.50%) died due to their injuries. Conclusions: Polytraumas exhibit high mortality, particularly linked to cranioencephalic trauma and firearm wounds. Post-trauma complications such as multiorgan failure substantially increase the risk of death, underscoring the need for rapid and effective medical interventions