Miopía como factor de riesgo en pacientes con glaucoma atendidos en el Hospital IESS Los Ceibos durante el periodo 2020 - 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Glaucoma is the second leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, associated with myopia, whose presence increases the risk of developing this disease. Objectives: The relationship between myopia as a risk factor in patients with glaucoma is studied. The aims are to determine the frequency of myopia in these patients, establish risk factors, determine the rate of blindness, and assess the influence of the degree of myopia on the onset of glaucoma. Materials and Methods : This research is descriptive, cross-sectional, observational, and retrospective with a population of 112 patients meeting inclusion criteria, data provided by the General Hospital of the North IESS Los Ceibos. Microsoft Excel and SPSS28 facilitated data analysis. Results: The predominant age was 28 years with 61.61% of patients being female. The significant risk factor was a family history of glaucoma. The common complication was blindness affecting 65% of cases. Discussion: Female gender predominance aligns with findings from Guía's study. Additionally, concurrence with Guía was noted in identifying a familial history of glaucoma as a frequent risk factor. Unlike George et al., where 22.3% of cases in the Asian population experienced blindness, our study recorded a higher incidence at 65%. Conclusions : Myopia is associated with the risk of developing glaucoma. The most prevalent risk factor is a family history of glaucoma. Blindness frequently occurs in patients with moderate to severe myopia.