Prevalencia de miopía en pacientes con glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto en el Hospital IESS Ceibos durante el período 2020-2022.

Abstract

Background: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a significant cause of irreversible blindness, with a high global prevalence and particularly notable in Latin America. The relationship between myopia and POAG is well established, demonstrating an increased prevalence of POAG with higher degrees of myopia, especially in population-based studies. Objective: To determine the prevalence of myopia in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma at Hospital IESS Ceibos during the period 2020-2022. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted with 327 patients. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics v29, employing measures of central tendency and dispersion for quantitative variables, and frequencies and percentages for qualitative variables. Correlation was assessed with Kendall's Tau B. Results: The prevalence of myopia in patients with POAG was 52.3%. The average age of patients with POAG was 68 ± 7.96 years, and 56% were female. Mild myopia was the most common (49.5%), followed by moderate (2.8%), with no cases of severe myopia observed. Additionally, a strong positive correlation was found between intraocular pressure and degree of myopia, as per Kendall's Tau B correlation. Conclusions: There is a prevalence of myopia exceeding 50% in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, along with a solid correlation between intraocular pressure and myopia. The importance of future research for a better understanding of this relationship and its clinical implications is emphasized.