Manifestaciones clínicas de la nefritis lúpica y sus complicaciones en pacientes femeninas de 20 a 70 años tratadas en el Hospital Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo en el período 2019-2022.

Abstract

Introduction: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic rheumatic disease, predominantly associated with the female. Lupus Nephritis is the most common kidney disorder (50%), constituting a sufficient criterion to diagnose SLE, its clinical characterization and underlying complications being relevant. Objective: To describe the clinical manifestations of Lupus Nephritis and its complications in female patients aged 20 to 70 years treated at the Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital in the period 2019-2022. Materials and Methods: This is an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive prevalence study. Data was collected by reviewing medical records, meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria of patients treated at the Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Specialty Hospital diagnosed with SLE from January 2019 to December 2022. Results: A sample of 166 women who presented Lupus nephritis diagnosed by renal biopsy, showing a median age of 36 years (IQR=19). According to the Body Mass Index, 45.8% women had a normal weight and had more than one comorbidity. Regarding the most frequent clinical manifestations, it was found that 87.3% of women presented proteinuria, followed by anemia and hypocomplementemia. Anti-DNA and ANA antibodies were present simultaneously in 41.6% of women and it was found that class IV-A of Lupus Nephritis had a higher prevalence. In addition, underlying complications were found, where the most prevalent was Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Conclusion: Women presented Lupus Nephritis in the third decade of life and Primary Arterial Hypertension was evident as the most associated comorbidity. Proteinuria was the most prevalent clinical manifestation and CKD in stage G5 according to KDIGO 2012 was the most frequent complication.