Alteraciones cardiovasculares en pacientes de 0 a 5 años de edad diagnosticados de enfermedad de Kawasaki en el Hospital de Niños Dr. Roberto Gilbert Elizalde en el periodo del 2014 al 2021.

Abstract

Introduction: Kawasaki disease is a systemic vasculitis mainly affecting medium and small caliber vessels, its etiology is unknown, and it is one of the main causes of heart disease acquired in childhood. Objective: To describe the cardiovascular alterations in patients from 0 to 5 years of age with Kawasaki Disease at the Dr. Roberto Gilbert Elizalde Hospital from 2014 to 2021. Methodology: An observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out. evaluated 165 patients diagnosed with Kawasaki disease, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in 150 patients included in the study. Results: The mean age was 1 year and 3 months, with a predominance of the male sex (58.7%) vs the female sex (41.3%), regarding presentation, the complete form corresponded to 81%, incomplete 5%, atypical 14 %. Laboratory findings were consistent with the literature. Of the patients included, 77.3% presented some alteration at the cardiovascular level, predominantly pericardium involvement (74%), followed by anomalies of the coronary arteries 32.6% (67.3% dilations, 28.5% aneurysms and 4.08% both alterations). Conclusions: Although it is a rare pathology in our environment compared to other countries; It presents a significant morbidity and mortality, so its early diagnosis supported by clinical findings, laboratory tests, electrocardiogram and echocardiogram is essential to establish early treatment and prevent future complications.