Beneficios de la profilaxis en la prevención de complicaciones en pacientes pediátricos con hemofilia A y B en el Hospital Del Niño Dr. Francisco De Icaza Bustamante, 2017 - 2022.

Abstract

Background: hemophilia A affects 1 in every 5,000 male births. It is caused by deficiency of coagulation factor VIII. Hemophilia B, which accounts for approximately 20% of hemophilia cases, is due to factor IX deficiency. The prevalence of hemophilia B is 5 per 100,000 live male births. Objective: determine the benefits of prophylaxis in the prevention of complications of hemophilia A and B in pediatric patients at the Dr. Francisco Icaza Bustamante Children's Hospital in the period 2017 to 2022. Materials and methods: the research was framed within a design descriptive and analytical-correlational with a quantitative cross-sectional approach, the study sampling was probabilistic and was calculated at 113 patients. Results: men from 1 to 5 years old predominate the study, they constitute 32.7%. Regarding the age of diagnosis, the majority of cases (82.3%) are diagnosed between 1 and 3 years. According to the type of hemophilia, hemophilia A is the most common, representing approximately 85.8%, while hemophilia B constitutes 14.2%; 81.4% of the patients come from Guayaquil. According to the educational level, patients have education up to primary school, being 64.6%. It is observed that 59.3% receive treatment and 40.7% do not receive prophylactic treatment. The majority of patients have severe hemophilia, representing 49.56% of the total, followed by mild hemophilia with 30.97%, and moderate hemophilia with 19.47%. 70.8% of patients do not present complications associated with hemophilia. The chi-square (χ2) value obtained is 19.917ª with a p value < 0.05. Conclusions: the findings indicate the importance of prophylactic treatment in reducing complications in this group of patients.