Características clínicas de la preeclampsia en gestantes que acuden a la consulta externa de un hospital de la sede de Guayaquil, período enero 2023- 2024.

Abstract

Preeclampsia is a complex pathology due to the appearance of high blood pressure, which begins to manifest after 20 weeks of pregnancy, affecting the dyad and can bring with it a serious public problem in the health system. Objective: To determine the clinical characteristics of preeclampsia in pregnant women who attend the outpatient clinic of a hospital at the Guayaquil headquarters, period January 2023- 2024. Methodology: descriptive, quantitative, retrospective, cross-sectional, sample selected by 100 pregnant women with preeclampsia, implementing the Technique: Indirect Observation Guide. Instrument: Indirect observation matrix. Results: Sociodemographic characteristics: 62% of the population is less than 33 years old, 43% single, 57% tertiary level, 85% urban areas, 66% are between 20 and 30 weeks pregnant, 64% are multiparous/multipregnant, 47 % personal pathological history of anemia. Clinical Characteristics: 33% presented type 1 hypertension, grade 1 edema (41%), 88% frequently presented tinnitus, 73% proteinuria, 55% visual disorders. Complications: 44% of women diagnosed with preeclampsia have presented premature birth (less than 37 weeks of gestation), 38% have progressed to eclampsia and 21% have Hellp syndrome. It is concluded: in a large part of the selected sample they have presented pressure greater than 140/90mmHg, edema, proteinuria, tinnitus and alterations in their vision, which is typical of said disease, however, it is accompanied by other symptoms that they are achieving. surprise health personnel, so it is of utmost importance to specify tactics to follow.