Características clínicas de las hemorragias digestivas altas y bajas en los pacientes ingresados en hospital de Guayaquil.

Abstract

Gastrointestinal bleeding, classified as high and low according to its origin in the gastrointestinal tract, represents a medical emergency with significant morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients. Objective: Determine the clinical characteristics of patients with upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding admitted to a hospital in Guayaquil, in the period from May 2023 to March 2024. Methodology: Descriptive, quantitative, non-experimental, retrospective, cross-sectional, with a sample of 100 medical records of patients treated in the gastroenterology area of the Teodoro Maldonado Specialty Hospital. Results: Regarding the most affected sociodemographic profile, 48% were adults aged 60 to 79 years, the average age was 67 years, 58% were men; The main risk factors were chronic comorbidities in 82% and advanced age of the patient in 63%; Among the main etiologies, 56% of gastritis and 37% of peptic ulcer stand out; Regarding the clinical manifestations, 71% presented abdominal pain and 68% anemia; while, in complications, 24% presented hypotension and 16% sustained hypovolemia. Conclusion: The analysis of the results on the clinical characteristics of digestive bleeding in a hospital in Guayaquil indicates that the most affected group includes middle-aged to elderly adults, with a higher prevalence in men; chronic comorbidities and advanced age stand out as the main risk factors; while gastritis and peptic ulcer are associated with abdominal pain and anemia; Furthermore, the presence of serious complications such as hypotension and sustained hypovolemia highlights the importance of early clinical management.