Efectividad de los métodos aeróbico continuo e interválico de alta intensidad en adultos con insuficiencia cardiaca. Revisión sistemática.

Abstract

Introduction: Heart failure is a cardiovascular disease that makes it difficult to pump oxygenated blood efficiently to the rest of the body. Cardiac rehabilitation is a program that includes exercises, modification of cardiovascular risk factors and improvement of quality of life. Continuous aerobic and high-intensity interval methods are exercises indicated in this pathology. Objective: determine the effectiveness of continuous and high-intensity interval aerobic exercise in adult patients with heart failure. Method: The guidelines of the PRISMA declaration were used, based on the search for the DECS MeSH terms “medical subject headings” in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and in the Health Sciences Descriptors portal (DeCs). The databases consulted were: PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo in English and Spanish languages; The terms MeSH and DeCS were combined with the Boolean operators AND and OR. Results: The population corresponded to the ages of 60 to ≥80, the result in the stress test was p<0.044 (speed), p<0.001 (incline), p=0.009 (time) after continuous aerobic exercise and a p value=0.025 (speed), p=0.005 (incline), p=0.002 (time) post-HIIT. Regarding LVEF with aerobic exercises, the results varied from 43.5±5.3 to 79±1.2, and with HIIT they improved from 17.4% to 31.1%. The result of left ventricular function with aerobic exercise was p<0.01 and with HIIT p=0.041. Conclusions: Both methods achieved statistically significant improvements in cardiopulmonary function.