Complicaciones obstétricas relacionadas al embarazo de las adolescentes atendidas en una unidad hospitalaria en Ecuador.

Abstract

Introduction: Adolescent pregnancy refers to the pregnancy that occurred in girls between the ages of 10 and 18, this stage of adolescence is seen as a critical period in the development of sexual behaviors, where girls have a high probability of manifesting serious complications. by fertility-related events. The objective of the study has been: to identify the most frequent obstetric complications in the pregnancy of adolescents who attended the University Hospital of the city of Guayaquil from January 2018 to December 31, 2021. A quantitative, retrospective, correlational and non-experimental investigation was carried out. A population of 213 adolescent patients who met the inclusion criteria was taken into account; The variables analyzed were age, years, preeclampsia, threatened abortion, retained placenta, eclampsia, anemia, gestational hypertension, and hemorrhage. Statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS Version 25 program, analyzing the absolute frequency, percentage, Chi2 with a 95% Confidence Interval and P value=0.05. Results. The highest percentage is represented by Preeclampsia, with 43.7%, while anemia (19.7%) and Eclampsia (11.7%) appear as complications to a lesser extent. When observing the obstetric complications according to the year, a tendency towards a decrease is demonstrated in this hospital, showing a decrease from 84 cases in 2018 to 22 cases in 2021, representing a difference of 73.8%; the decline observed may be due to the implementation of some national programs that generated positive changes towards sex education at the time. Conclusions: preeclampsia, anemia, and eclampsia were identified as the most frequent obstetric complications in the pregnancy of adolescents who attended the hospital during the sample period. Keywords: Adolescent, pregnancy, maternal complications, preeclampsia, anemia, eclampsia.