Serie histórica del Síndrome de Encefalopatía Posterior Reversible (PRES) en un hospital pediátrico de referencia nacional.

Abstract

Introduction: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is considered a little- known clinical-radiological pathology. It is characterized by its acute or subacute presentation,of multifactorial origin. Among its clinical manifestations, neurological symptoms and high blood pressure predominate. MRI is the gold standard as a diagnostic method in which involvement of the white matter, gray matter, or both can be observed. Methodology: A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out on twentythree cases of PRES from theRoberto Gilbert Elizalde Pediatric Hospital from January 2013 to December 2022. Sociodemographic, epidemiological, clinical and biochemical variables were collected. Results: twenty-three patients with a diagnosis of PRES were identified, of which twenty-one patients met the inclusion criteria. The female sex was predominant with 61.9%, average age of 9 to 17 years with 66.8%, the associated pathologies were: lupus erythematosus, nephrotic syndrome,hematological diseases such as myeloid and acute lymphoblastic leukemia with 4.7% respectively. Related drugs were immunosuppressants such as levetiracetam, prednisone, methylprednisolone, rituximab and thyroglobulin. Regarding the neuroimaging findings, the parietooccipital white matter lesion was the most frequently described. Conclusion: PRES is considered a serious but reversible entity with the appropriate approach and early diagnosis, so early management is essential to avoid irreversible damage in the pediatric patient.