Acceso al trabajo formal de las personas con discapacidad visual. Estudio en dos ONG’s de Guayaquil.

Abstract

Inclusion refers to a comprehensive process that implies the implementation of actions, policies and various mechanisms, with the purpose of facilitating the full integration and effective development of all people within society. In this perspective, the present study focuses on analyzing the determinants of access to formal employment for individuals with visual disabilities, belonging to the Ecuadorian Foundation for the Blind (FUNECI) and the Association of the Blind and Friends of the Blind in Guayaquil (ACACIG), province of Guayas, during the year 2023, to promote the labor inclusion of this group. To carry out this analysis, a mixed approach with an explanatory sequential design is adopted, supported by a non-experimental method and a descriptive investigation of a transectional nature. The sample, made up of 100 visually impaired individuals, was selected by means of simple random probabilistic sampling. Surveys were administered to these participants and a smaller focus group was formed for further analysis. The results reveal a diversity of current work situations. Some have jobs that match their skills and qualifications, while others face significant challenges such as underemployment, unemployment and a lack of formal work experience. A recurring barrier is the lack of understanding on the part of employers, which hinders access to formal employment. In addition, despite the progress made in terms of labor inclusion for people with visual disabilities, notorious challenges persist in terms of awareness, adaptations in the work environment and the guarantee of equal opportunities. This study underscores the need to continue promoting inclusive and awareness-raising measures to ensure equitable and enriching labor participation for all individuals, regardless of their visual abilities.