Principales causas y factores determinantes de convulsiones neonatales, asociadas a mortalidad en pacientes hospitalizados en la Unidad De Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales del Hospital del Nino “Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante” en el periodo de enero 2018 -diciembre 2019.

Abstract

Background: Neonatal seizure is the most common neurological dysfunction within the first week of life and in the neonatal period, with an incidence of 3 per 1000 live births, it is usually related to the death of the newborn. Objective: To analyze the main causes and determining factors of neonatal seizures, associated with mortality. Materials and methods: Observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical, relational study, designed as a series of cases in a population (n = 50), and as cases and controls using bivariate statisticians and OR to measure the risk of associated factors with mortality. Results: Mortality was 30%, risk factors were male sex (60%), dystocic vaginal delivery (40%), gestational age a term (86%), birth weight greater than 2500 g (73%), APGAR less than 5 at 5 minutes (60%), rural areas (53%), admitted to hospitalization in less than 24 hours of life (60%), very high TRIPS (60%), resuscitation PPV (80%) and MV (66%). Convulsive episodes began less than 48 hours of life (60%), tonic type (53%), perinatal asphyxia (60%) as a frequent cause, highly abnormal neurological examination (60%) and starting drug phenobarbital (93%). Conclusions: With a CI >95% and OR >1 they are considered risk factors for mortality; APGAR less than 5 at 5 minutes, admission to hospitalization greater than 24 hours of life, onset of seizures less than 48 hours of life, Resuscitation with PPV and MV, dystocic vaginal delivery, very high TRIPS score, perinatal asphyxia and a grossly abnormal neurological exam.