Características clínicas del Distrés respiratorio en neonatos ingresados en el Área UCIN de un Hospital de Guayaquil, año 2020-2021.

Abstract

Respiratory Distress Syndrome is a condition that generally occurs in preterm newborns, showing signs such as cyanosis, tachypnea, subcostal retraction and variable degrees of compromised oxygenation. Objective: To identify the clinical characteristics of respiratory distress in neonates admitted to the NICU area of a Guayaquil Hospital, year 2020-2021. Methodology: descriptive, quantitative, retrospective, cross-sectional. Population: 120 neonatal patients. Sample: 90 neonatal patients diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome in the NICU area. Technique: Indirect observation, Instrument: Indirect observation data collection matrix. Results: Among the clinical characteristics, they presented tachypnea (57%), nasal flaring (39%), cyanosis (46%) and apnea (18%); the neonates had gestational age at term (62%), with an adequate weight (66%), a normal size (66%), male (68%); with APGAR evaluation of normal level (73%); with neonatal causes, sepsis (50%) and perinatal asphyxia (24%), maternal comorbidities of urinary tract infection (60%). When applying the Silverman-Anderson scale, they had a mild level of respiratory distress (68%). The characteristics of the mothers that stood out were being between 20 and 23 years old (40%), normal delivery (52%) and only attended 5 to 8 prenatal check-ups (67%). Conclusion: There are different characteristics that stand out in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome, before which the nursing professional must inform the medical specialist in order to establish strategies and act in the presence of this disease in neonatal patients.