Análisis clínico del Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria en neonatos ingresados del área de UCIN de un hospital de la ciudad de Guayaquil.

Abstract

Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome is a very frequent pathology in premature newborns, caused by the deficit of pulmonary surfactant that must be treated immediately because it can have consequences that can compromise the health and even the life of the patient. Objective: To determine the clinical characterization of the Respiratory Distress Syndrome of neonates in the NICU area of the Children's Hospital, Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante in the city of Guayaquil. Methods: Descriptive, observational, non-experimental, cross-sectional, quantitative, and prospective design because it was carried out from May to July 2022, the sample was 44 neonates. Results: 61% of neonates with RDS are male, 93% obtained by cesarean section; 73% with a preterm birth; the most relevant signs were tachypnea, chest retractions and nasal flaring while the symptoms were respiratory distress, irregular breathing and lethargy; 61% presented multifactorial jaundice as comorbidity and 71% presented postnatal pneumonia as complications. Conclusions: It was concluded that the majority of neonates admitted to the NICU area for presenting a diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome, the majority were between 1 and 5 days old, were male, obtained by cesarean section and of a gestational age preterm.