Prevalencia del síndrome de dificultad respiratoria neonatal con inmaturidad extrema en el servicio de la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales del Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo en el periodo 2018-2020.

Abstract

Introduction: Respiratory distress syndrome is one of the most frequent complications in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Service, due to extreme immaturity due to the lack of surfactant, most of the clinical manifestations presented during the first hours of lifetime. Methodology: A cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out, with a quantitative, descriptive and correlational analysis of the information. In which information was collected from 2018 to 2020 by reviewing the clinical evolutions reported in the AS 400 system of the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital, from 631 patients with a report of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Results: The evaluation of the cases of extreme immaturity that were part of this research work is carried out, among the 204 cases evaluated, the average was 25 weeks of gestation, where a higher prevalence of favorable cases is observed for patients with weight at birth between 1000 and 1500 grams, which occupied 82.8% of the sample (n=169). Conclusion: The prevalence of extreme immaturity in premature births is relatively high, occupying at least 1 in 3 births and having maternal urinary tract infections and premature rupture of the membrane as the main risk factors.