Análisis de las TICs, Redes Sociales, Big Data e Inteligencia Artificial, como herramientas tecnológicas para su aplicación en campañas electorales en los Gobiernos Seccionales del Ecuador.

Abstract

The concern for this research topic lies in the antiquated way of carrying out the electoral processes in the Decentralized Autonomous Governments (GAD) of Ecuador, to be specific, in the sectional governments with lower economic incomes, since an electoral culture has been created, in which the political campaign is improvisedly developed by co-leaders, militants or relatives of the candidates who have been part of a previous campaign, in which they won elections. Ecuador since the Republican age has had leaders, both local and national, who have left much to be desired, the economic factor that leads a campaign, with its inseparable companion, the populism, is always a constant. Therefore, people with knowledge and ability cannot contribute to their country from their localities, but nowadays, with the irruption of technology, a change has been created, a digital revolution, moving from the society of the information, to the society of the knowledge, in which interactions are no longer vertical or hierarchical, but horizontal, due to the increase in information. Thus, digital platforms and social networks play an important role in society, creating communities united by ideas, reaching more people who share the same purpose. The ICTs, Social Networks, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, as technological tools for their application in electoral campaigns are of vital importance because they are elements that are available in this century, that are used by most people or at least they have knowledge of them, even in remote parts of the country, at least one of them, which is the radio; Long-standing but still-in-use technology, whether analog or digital. Thus, a candidate currently has these technological tools, with which, being used well, they can transmit their message and can reach the ideal population to be well received. This is why in electoral processes the ideal management of NICTs and social networks is not an option, but an obligation, since we also have endless data that are created daily, forming Big Data, for which, Artificial Intelligence is indisputably needed to process them and give better results, with which we can better address the citizen to meet their needs and also to recognize that our proposal is the best. Thus, this small study does not intend to create experts in Political Marketing or Cyberpolitics, but it does act as a manual, as a guide, explaining what each technology and social network is for, as well as how to use them efficiently, based on to the segmentation of the country's inhabitants, according to their location in geographical areas, population location; It is understood as urban and rural areas, as well as generational ages, but with technology, we cannot reduce ourselves to those limits.