Análisis de las crisis marítimas y sus afectaciones en los servicios portuarios del Ecuador durante el año 2020.

Abstract

This research is aimed at evaluating to what extent the maritime crises that occurred during the year 2020 have affected port services in Ecuador. In order to meet the research objective, a mixed approach methodology was used, since interviews were conducted with five people: a 4PL logistics operator with specialized knowledge in port activities, a cocoa exporter, a coffee exporter, a banana exporter and an importer of raw material to manufacture cardboard. Likewise, information obtained from the port statistical bulletin of Ecuador was used, with which a comparative analysis was made between 2019 and 2020 on the behavior of the indicators of five different port terminals in the country, which were: Contecon, Terminal Portuario de Guayaquil, Bananapuerto, Dpworld Posorja and Fertisa; such as: volume of cargo moved in metric tons, total TEUs moved and dwell time in hours of ships in port. In the comparative analysis of the indicators, it was determined that all ports mobilized less TEUS in 2020 than in 2019. However, the behavior on the volume of cargo mobilized and the time spent by vessels varies by port and by months of the year. Likewise, through the interviews conducted, it was determined that the sector most affected by the logistics crisis was the banana sector, while the coffee sector was not affected by it, but on the contrary, its exports grew progressively from 2019 to 2021.