Características clínicas e histopatológicas de las lesiones orales asociadas al VPH. Una revisión sistemática.

Abstract

Introduction: Human papillomavirus infection is the most common sexually transmitted viral infection worldwide which is why it has become increasingly important over the years and is now a major public health concern. Its oral manifestations can be many, from asymptomatic infections to benign or potentially malignant warty lesions, intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive carcinomas. HPV infection has been implicated as a risk factor for the development of oral cancer, suggested by histological similarities between oral and genital mucosal lesions. Objective: To describe the clinical and histopathological characteristics of HPV-associated oral lesions. Materials and methods: Systematic review with a qualitative approach, retrospective, descriptive, non-experimental and deductive design, carried out in the B-2021 semester of the Dentistry course of the Catholic University of Santiago de Guayaquil. 129 articles were found which, due to inclusion criteria, left 43 articles. Results: HPV, having types with low and high risk oncogenic potential, presents benign manifestations such as: verruga vulgaris, squamous papilloma, condyloma acuminatum, and focal epithelial hyperplasia and potentially malignant lesions are: Oral leukoplakia, oral lichen planus, and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion: Clinical and histological knowledge of the lesions associated with this virus are fundamental for the suspicion of the virus in the oral cavity, however, molecular biology techniques are the key to correct diagnosis and in many cases to provide early treatment of potentially malignant manifestations.